Dynamical Astronomy

Participants: Dr MA Hendry, Prof AE Roy, Dr K D'Mellow, Ms G Penny
Collaborations: Kentucky, Puebla, Glasgow Caledonian
 
Dynamical astronomy - particularly in the context of celestial mechanics - has a very long history at Glasgow University. Our interests currently range from Solar System and few-body dynamics, through the dynamics of galactic systems to the dynamics of the Universe itself, and the question of whether the Hubble expansion will continue indefinitely - research which also falls under our cosmology category. Our wide ranging interests in dynamical astronomy was reflected in July 2000, when Hendry and Roy co-organised with Bonnie Steves a NATO Advanced Study Institute and Scottish Universities Summer School in Physics on The Restless Universe.
 
Dynamics of Few-Body Systems

In collaboration with Dr. Bonnie Steves of the Astrodynamics group of Glasgow Caledonian University, Prof. Archie Roy is engaged in a long-term exploration of the so-called Caledonian n-body dynamical models (with n equal 4 or greater). The studies already carried out have provided considerable insight into the stability of hierarchical dynamical configurations and their possible paths of evolution. This work is also important in placing limits on the theoretical possibility and stability of extra-solar planets in multiple star systems. The diagram on the right shows surfaces of zero velocity obtained from the energy integral in the Caledonian symmetrical equal mass 4-body problem.


  Building Self-Consistent Galaxy Models

Hendry and Penny, in collaboration with El-Zant (Kentucky) and Gonzalez (Puebla), are developing a powerful new numerical technique for building self-consistent density potential pair galaxy models. The technique is based on the established Schwarszchild method, whereby one builds a library of galaxy orbits integrated in a specified model potential, from which a self-consistent solution for the stellar space density (which satisfies Poisson's equation for the system) can be obtained by standard optimisation techniques. The novel feature of our method is that we treat the sampling of orbits as a Monte Carlo integration problem, with integral equal to the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy of the system. From dynamical systems theory, this K-S entropy is simply the integral of the Liapunov exponents over all initial conditions in the phase space of the system; hence our Monte-Carlo algorithm will preferentially sample those orbits with non-zero Liapunov exponents - i.e. the orbits which are stochastic, or chaotic. We are using this new approach to investigate the stability of galactic disk models, embedded in triaxial dark matter haloes, with and without the presence of a central black hole mass. The speed and efficiency of our numerical algorithm has allowed us to explore a wide range of model parameters, and evaluate the relevance of chaotic orbits to the phase space structure of different models. Shown on the left are some examples of the phase portraits of orbits sampled in our Monte Carlo procedure for a disk+halo model.

Reconstructing the Large Scale Density and Peculiar Velocity Field

Studying the dynamics of the Universe is one of the primary motivations of our cosmology research, on the statistical analysis of galaxy distance and redshift-distance surveys. Comparison of the predicted large scale velocity field and redshift-independent peculiar velocity estimates is a powerful method for constraining the linear bias parameter and dimensionless matter density parameter. With Simmons, Newsam, Rauzy and Schumacher (all formerly Glasgow) we have developed various techniques for eliminating systematic biases from the reconstructed dynamical fields, with applications to e.g. the POTENT and VELMOD reconstruction methods. Recently Hendry wrote an invited review of this topic.
 

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